To learn more, click one of the following options:

1. MRR
2. ARR
3. CHURN
4. LTV
5. CAC

"Don’t underestimate the value of financial data, especially in the SaaS world. SaaS metrics are your best source of intelligence when it comes to the health of your business and how it’s performing.  Real-time financial data equips you with the insight you need to confidently drive performance."

Tyler Eyamie, CEO, Fusebill

Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)

What is Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)? 

How to calculate MRR?

The basic formula for MRR is simple: for any given month, we sum up the recurring revenue generated by that month's customers to arrive at your MRR figure.

MRR = Average product price per unit X the number of customers

When another customer is gained MRR increases as a result. If we have a good handle on customer acquisition and churn rates, we can even use that to extrapolate to the future, and predict future MRR.

Though the basic formula for MRR is simple, there are things to include or exclude in the calculation.

THINGS TO INCLUDE IN YOUR MRR CALCULATION:

• All recurring revenue from customers. This includes monthly subscription fees, and any additional recurring charges for extra users, etc.
• Upgrades and downgrades. It's important to track any upgrades and any customers that downgrade to a lower-priced package.
• All lost recurring revenue. Customers churn, and this reduction in MRR needs to be accounted for.
• Discounts. If your customer is on a $200/month package, but pays a discounted monthly fee of $150, their MRR contribution is $150, not $200 as long as that discount applies.

Things to exclude:

• Recurring costs. MRR isn't a measure of profitability, just revenue. We're trying to gauge trends in recurring revenue generation, and adding costs to this will only confuse matters

Learn how Fusebill can help improve your MRR ›

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR) is the most accurate way to measure and predict relationship changes as indicated by new or lost customers, renewals, upgrades, or downgrades. All of these factors affect revenue but cannot be measured with traditional accounting methods, specifically GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles).

Why is ARR important? 

ARR is a good measurement of the health of a subscription business. Because ARR is the amount of revenue that a company expects to repeat, it enables measurement of company progress and prediction of future growth. It’s also an important metric for measuring momentum in areas such as new sales, renewals, and upgrades - and lost momentum in downgrades and lost customers.

ARR is particularly useful as a metric to:

• Indicate company health. ARR measures company performance in specific areas, showing where revenue is growing or being lost, and why. Knowing your ARR can help you make better decisions regarding employee assessment, compensation, operational planning, and financing to improve the bottom line and help increase company efficiency.

• Increase revenue. Tracking relationship changes provides insight into what customers want and need, and helps to promote cross-selling and up-selling which leads to increased revenue and increase customer satisfaction.

• Forecast revenue. Planning the duration and cost of different subscriptions helps forecast revenue from potential clients. Tracking the value of renewals and the cost of lost customers (i.e. churn) helps businesses manage expenses more precisely and maintain cash resources.

• Retain top talent. Monitoring ARR encourages a business to focus on individual sales territories to determine what’s working and what needs changing. Compensation commensurate with productive job performance results in less turnover and cuts new employee training costs.

• Attract investors. Investors prefer the contractually-obligated revenue, predictable sales models, and accurate revenue forecasting of the subscription economy over one-time sales. Subscription businesses with ARR can thrive because owners can sell predictably and systematically.

ARR is typically a metric used by SaaS companies dealing primarily in annual contracts. If monthly subscriptions make up the bulk of recurring revenue, MRR is the best metric in this case.

How to calculate ARR?

ARR calculations can include the following:

• Revenue from new and renewing customers
• Upgrades and add-ons
• Losses from downgrades and lost customers

ARR = MRR X 12

To calculate ARR, divide the total contract value by the number of years of the contract. For example, a 5 yr contract for $10,000, divide $10,000 (contract cost) by 5 (number of years) for an ARR of $2,000/year. If a customer doesn’t renew a $4,000 contract over two years, divide $4,000 (contract cost) by two (number of years) for an ARR decrease of $2,000.

ARR only includes fixed contract fees, not one-time charges. One time charges should be accounted for separately. If any extra, non-subscription charges are lumped into ARR, the results will be skewed and not reflect the true ARR calculation.

Billing cycles don’t affect ARR, as long as the term of the subscription is a year or more and is recorded the same regardless of how payments are structured.

Learn how Fusebill can help improve your ARR ›

Customer Churn Rate

Next to MRR, churn is probably the most widely discussed subscription metric. While there are many variations of churn, churn is always a measure of attrition or loss, and it can be lost customers, contracts, MRR, GAAP revenue, contract value, or bookings. Churn is most frequently expressed as a rate or ratio (churn rate of 12%), but churn can also be discussed as a whole number ("churned 10K of MRR" or "churned 2 customers"). When discussed as a rate, Churn is the inverse of your renewal rate. An 80% renewal rate is the equivalent of a 20% churn rate.

Why is churn important?

Churn is a critical element for success in a SaaS company. Being able to identify where there is attrition in your company is valuable insight for making improvements.  Churn is used in or to:

• As a critical input to Customer Lifecycle Value calculations
• As a critical input to projections of revenue, bookings, and cash flow.

Common Churn Metrics for Subscriptions Businesses

• Customer Churn - typically expressed as a count
• MRR Churn - typically expressed as a total of the MRR lost due to customer cancellations, but can be a ratio of MRR lost vs renewal. If a ratio, can include MRR contraction from existing customers along with MRR churned from lost customers
• Revenue Churn - typically, this is MRR Churn versus GAAP Revenue Churn
• Average MRR Churn - typically expressed as the average MRR of lost customers.

How to calculate Net MRR Churn Rate

The rate at which you are losing MRR through downgrades and cancellations, offset by account expansions.

MRR Churn Rate = (Churn MRR + contraction MRR) – (expansion MRR + reactivation MRR)

                                    MRR at start of period

Learn how to minimize your customer churn ›

Customer Lifetime Value (LTV)

Customer Lifetime Value is an estimate of the projected total value of a customer over its lifetime (from sign-up to churn).

LTV = ARPC x gross margin %

       Customer churn rate

ARPC = Average Revenue Per Customer
Gross margin is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold. Non-recurring revenues are excluded.

Why is LTV important? 

When you’re considering the direction your company is taking, the lifetime value of a user is one of the most important metrics to understand. 

Different lifetime value models can inform decisions like how much you can pay to acquire a user, the effects of losing users, and how changes to a product affect the sum-total revenue you can expect to bring in from a user.

It’s also an easy metric to look at in order to see the overall health of a product in terms of both revenue and customer retention. A growing LTV means a company is doing well—customers are happy and will be giving you more money over the life of your relationship.

On the other hand, a declining LTV means that a company is getting less money out of each customer it brings in and needs to fix something fast. It includes

Learn how to maximize your LTV ›

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

Customer Acquisition Cost is the cost associated in convincing a customer to buy a product/service. This cost is incurred by the organization to convince a potential customer.

This cost is inclusive of the product cost as well as the cost involved in research, marketing, and accessibility costs. This is an important business metric.

Why is CAC important? 

The cost of customer acquisition as an important measure in evaluating how much value customers bring to their businesses. Companies and organizations need to get a return on investment (ROI) from marketing and sales campaigns geared toward customer acquisition. The goal is to achieve a high lifetime value (LTV) to CAC ratio. A 3:1 LTV:CAC ratio is an ideal target.

Using appropriate customer acquisition strategies helps companies to grow, and targeted customer acquisition programs help companies acquire the right customers in a cost-effective way.

An estimate of the cost to acquire a customer

CAC = all sales and marketing expenses

            # of customers added

The CAC is determined by dividing the total costs associated with acquisition by total new customers, within a specific time period.

Learn how to maximize your CAC ›